The population of Hammerhead sharks has declined dramatically in the last 30 years.

Unlike the Great Hammerhead, this one's front part of its head is not straight but wavy. It is the most common of all hammerheads. It is found worldwide in tropical waters down to a depth of 500 m (1,640 ft). It is also the smallest of the hammerhead sharks. Its maximum recorded length is 4.3 meters (4.7 ft), and it can weigh up to 150 kilograms (420 lb). Its color can be grey, brown, slightly green, or white bellied. Its skeleton is made of cartilage, and it also has several fins. One on its back, one on its chest, and one on its tail that helps it when swimming. 

The female shark spawns its young once a year in coastal waters where protection and food are provided during the growing season. And she returns to the same area every year. She gives birth to approximately 12 to 41 younglings yearly.

This species is known for its high intelligence and aggressive nature when capturing its prey. The shape of its head enables it to sink its head into the seabed and thus catch stingrays that swim at the bottom of the sea. This species does not seem to attack and eat each other, even in periods of famine. They also eat sardines, mackerel, and octopus.

In some parts of the Atlantic Ocean, their populations have declined by more than 95% in the last 30 years. The reasons include overfishing in some parts of the Atlantic Ocean, demand for shark fins and shark oil, which is made from their liver. This species tends to swim in large groups, which makes it easy to catch them in large quantities.

The hammerhead shark is the first species of shark protected under the U.S. Endangered Species Act of 2019. This species is classified as critically endangered on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Studies and conservation efforts for these nursery areas indicate that they must remain protected to ensure the survival of the younglings during their first year. In the breeding area, they have security and a higher survival rate than in the open ocean. Another effort is to ban fishing in some areas during the breeding season.

In Aruba, the DNM advocates for the conservation of sharks; however, the Dutch Caribbean is making efforts that indirectly benefit the shark population in its region. Threats to the species include overfishing, habitat degradation, and, in the past, local fishermen often caught them by accident, unaware of their importance to marine life. The coral reefs, which are an important habitat for many species of sharks, are deteriorating due to climate change, pollution, and coastal development. Other factors include the demand for shark fins and shark oil. The conservation project of the Dutch Caribbean Nature Alliance (DCNA) between 2015 and 2018 aimed to educate the public about the different shark species, raise general public awareness and promote legislation to protect them.

Aruba's territorial waters are home to several shark species. A total of 8 species. The SPAW (Specially Protected Areas and Wildlife) protocol provides more protection for the various shark species throughout the Caribbean. The Aruba Conservation Foundation (ACF) is an independent, non-profit organization dedicated to protecting Aruba's ecosystems, including four Marine Protected Areas. In addition, there are local businesses such as "dive shops" that are involved in conservation and education efforts.